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How to avoid stalling | 34 comments (34 topical)
Re: How to avoid stalling (3.00 / 0) (#12)
by dinges on Tue Dec 27, 2005 at 08:04:09 PM MST

Think of it this way: there's a certain amount of power present at every 1m^2 of prop surface (at a certain windspeed). If the genny load is bigger than the power present in the air, the thing stalls. Now if you start clipping its wings, reducing surface area of the prop, even less power of the wind is available to the genny; it will stall sooner... You need MORE surface area of the prop, to extract more power from the wind; but not TOO much, or the prop won't see the load from the genny and overspeed.

I'm guessing that if you left the prop in its original (10ft) state, and increased airgap just a little (less than the present situation), you would have gotten more energy out of your genny. Lessons learned for the next genny.

Peter,
The Netherlands.

[ Parent ]



Re: How to avoid stalling (3.00 / 0) (#14)
by SparWeb on Tue Dec 27, 2005 at 09:06:39 PM MST

Dinges,

You seem to see clearly the relationship between turbine blades and propellers such as those on aircraft.  Since the latter have been studied intensely to improve aircraft performance, there is much to read on props from sources such as the old NACA reports, which is as relevant and valuable today as it was 70 years ago.  If you (or any other members here) are looking for recommendations on the topic, I could dig up quite a few.

I've seen some pretty crude wings on the site - and when the purpose it just to get some electricity to flow there's no big deal.  I'm not too picky about this stuff, yet, myself.  But when folks are looking for every last milliAmp, then there's one often overlooked place to look, and it's not the actual diameter of the blades (though that's important).  The profile, taper and twist can boost performance, either by higher RPM in a given wind speed, or more torque holding the same speed.  There are some fine examples of craftsmanship visible on this site that will only stall out after delivering high amounts of power, unhindered by surface flaws or incorrect spanwise proportions.
Steven Fahey
[ Parent ]



Re: How to avoid stalling (3.00 / 0) (#15)
by maker of toys on Tue Dec 27, 2005 at 11:02:15 PM MST

the place I've been digging lately in in the Human Powered Aircraft/ Human Powered Hovercraft arenas. . .  there they are trying to couple 250 watts (max) into the air as efficiently as possible.  (they're also trying to save weight, which confuses things. . . )

but it seems a good match:  low rpm, big swept areas, low airspeeds, low (relatively) power and high efficiency.  

unfortunately, most HPA teams seem to be a little reticient about thier prop parameters.  I'll post if I find anything worth while. . .


It's not a case of 'Save the planet,' it's a case of 'Save the humans.'
[ Parent ]



HPV (3.00 / 0) (#16)
by wdyasq on Wed Dec 28, 2005 at 05:37:22 AM MST

Take a look at the DAE series of airfoils.

http://www.ae.uiuc.edu/m-selig/ads/coord_database.html#D

They would be difficult to carve by hand for a lot of folks.  Seli and company from University of Illinios group has doen a lot of windturbine work and publishes a lot.

Ron
Adventure is just bad planning." -- Roald Amundsen
[ Parent ]



Re: HPV (3.00 / 0) (#19)
by elvin1949 on Wed Dec 28, 2005 at 07:04:01 AM MST

Thank's Ron
 I needed that [had it and lost it]
later
elvin

[ Parent ]


Re: HPV (3.00 / 0) (#20)
by dinges on Wed Dec 28, 2005 at 09:16:46 AM MST

Hmm, looks a bit like the 'superlaminar' wingsections that are nowadays used on gliders; they've got their thickest point at about 45-50% of chord, instead of the usual 30-35%.

Carving isn't as easy as the usual profiles; the hollow section makes it more difficult/more work. But can be done, if you've got the patience. I wonder if it's worth the extra effort though; how much extra power would you get in low winds?

Now, if anyone had a mold and started churning them out...

Peter,
The Netherlands.

[ Parent ]



Re: HPV (3.00 / 0) (#21)
by finnsawyer on Wed Dec 28, 2005 at 09:52:38 AM MST

Hmm, it makes sense that the flow would tend to be laminar as long as the profile causes the air to concentrate and speed up.  That is, to the thickest part of the wing.  The thing is that windmill blades are much narrower than airplane wings and the flow characteristics may be quite different.  While wind tunnel tests may shed light on the differences, one is still left with the question of whether the fact that the air flow is actually in control and moves the blade affects the pattern.  That is, the induced motion of the blade through the air may cause the air over the back (convex side) of the blade to lie down and hence keep the flow laminar over the entire width of the blade.  If that were the case, many of the issues with wing design would not apply to blade design.  The question is, how could one verify this experimentally?
GeoM
[ Parent ]


Re: HPV (3.00 / 0) (#23)
by dinges on Wed Dec 28, 2005 at 11:02:21 AM MST


There are similarities and differences between props/turbines and wings. Wings are usually much easier to analyze, because there's a few variables less (e.g. varying rotational speed vs. radius).

No need to re-invent the wheel. Plenty of research should be available on a/c propellors and ship props. I haven't yet looked into this though.

And even props and turbines differ, as someone else stated; didn't know about the differing efficiencies (Betz vs. 75% of props). But even on windmills lots of research have been done. It's just a matter of finding it, studying it and understanding it. Oh yeah, and applying it :-)

This is left as an exercise for the reader. Should be easy enough.... ;-)

Peter,
The Netherlands.

[ Parent ]



Re: HPV (3.00 / 0) (#28)
by rotornuts on Wed Dec 28, 2005 at 09:54:06 PM MST

lets not forget the fundemental difference here. A prop is a driver and a turbine is being driven. Very different I think when it comes to predicting flow aft of the transition  point and also aft of the trailing edge. The "work" is being done at higher AoA's as well.

Examining props and wing sections etc. is very very usefull but there is certainly a departure that must be remembered.

A turbine blade in my mind should be able to function over a range of angles that a prop would never be asked to work in. I don't think it would be offensive ask a turbine blade to function well at the brink of stall so I don't think it would be wise to dismiss flow augmentation.

Mike

[ Parent ]



Re: HPV (3.00 / 0) (#30)
by DanB on Thu Dec 29, 2005 at 09:55:57 AM MST

There are compromises to be made with blade profiles I think.  
A big one is how hard is it to carve.
I also expect that the 'most efficient' airfoil may not actually startup very well.  When stopped - we still need it to act like a 'drag' machine for a bit- lots of these 'fat' airfoil sections wouldn't startup well I don't think.

[ Parent ]


Re: HPV (3.00 / 0) (#26)
by richhagen on Wed Dec 28, 2005 at 12:09:34 PM MST

I'll have to order some of Prof. Selig's books if I want to have a chance of understanding the theory behind this.  I have an 18" blade carving as I type this.  It is not the more advanced airfoil, but a plain NACA 4415.  The script I put together allows me to change airfoils provided I have the profile data, and generate the G-codes for it and the parameters I entered.  I still have to toy with the output a little, but I can have a new length, TSR, and airfoil generated in about an hour or so and ready to carve.  I saved some of those airfoils when you pointed me to them before.  I haven't carved any of them yet though.  The blades carve really slow though, as the machine runs from point to point around the profile, and comes to a stop at each point for both the roughing and finishing.  I have the maximum acceleration and decceleration turned down as the mill in use has steppers and it is prone to get out of sink if the torque required is greater than the motor can provide, or the momentum of the motor causes it to spin past its stopping point.  Rich Hagen
'A Joule saved is a Joule made'
[ Parent ]


How to avoid stalling | 34 comments (34 topical)

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