I don't have the details of your winding but I am fairly sure you have lots of turns of thin wire. Now you have improved the magnetic circuit you have hit stall. You would do far better to raise the cut in speed by reducing the number of turns or connecting in delta or Jerry connecting it.
If you just increase the air gap you will be back close to where you were before and the thin wire with high resistance will still be a limitation. You may get some sort of compromise that is better than before but you will not gain the full potential.
Regarding the air gap on this set up with magnets on one rotor and not on the other, it is largely the total gap that matters but you will see more increase in speed with the stator nearer the blank disc compared with it near the magnet disc. You need to make coarse adjustments with the total gap but you can get fine adjustment by altering the stator position.
If this is a 12v system, before you make any changes try running it temporarily into 24v if you can find a spare battery. You will likely get far more power with the present winding.
Flux
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