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Solar Powered Pool Heater


By wooferhound, Section Homebrewed Electricity
Posted on Tue Jul 08, 2003 at 07:17:07 PM MST
My solar powered Pool Heater

 My wife & I bought one of those large Above Ground Wal-Mart pools. It's 14 feet in diameter and 3 and a half feet deep. I prepared a nice place outback and put up the pool. Well It's July and I think the water is too cold to stay in it for a long time, so I decided to build a Solar Pool Heater for the weeks of cloudy days and to extend the swimming season an extra coupla months in the Spring and Fall.

 I had seen this on the internet before and it's not difficult or expensive. In it's simplicity, all you do is run the Filter water through some Black Pipe that's sitting out in the Sun. My only cost was the Pipe & Valves, Black Paint, Wood for Frame and some hardware, About $100.oo in all for the parts.

 The water pump comes with the pool and has 1 inch fittings with 1 1/4 flextube. I decided that I would have 80 feet of Black Pipe with 10 feet of regular PVC coming and going to the pool. This is a total of over 100 feet, so I wanted to oversize the pipe to 1 1/2 inches to help overcome the friction and reduce the Head that the pump can see. Also when I'm shopping for the 90 degree corner fittings, I found that pipe 1 1/4 inch and under had hard 90 degree angles, but corners 1 1/2 inch and over had long rounded curves that would help reduce the Friction Head involved with the water changing direction 90 degrees every so often.

 Being so concerned about the extra friction of 100 feet of pipe, I decided to split the flow into into 2 pipes through Y connections so the flow would decrease to Half in these areas. If you want to follow the flow in the picture, the input to the heater is the pipe crossing to the right closest to the camera, and the output is the lefthand pipe at the open 90 degree fitting.

 After constructing the unit I placed it on top of a metal shed that is adjacent to the pool. The shed is silver so any sunlight that passes through is reflected to the underside of the pipes to increase efficiency. This is not a great picture but you can find the heater on the shed because a bird is sitting on it.

 I figure that in the hottest part of the year I won't need the heat so I have installed a coupla valves that will allow me to Bypass the heater after the water goes through the filter.

 Today was the day that I installed it all and I have it actually working at this time. When I first turned it on, some very warm water came out as the first water absorbed the heat stored in the pipes. It was late in the day around 5:PM in the evening so the Sun was getting pretty low in the sky. I don't have any thermometers in this project so all I can do is feel the pipes and water. Although it was late afternoon Sun, I could easly feel that the watter returning to the pool from the heater was somewhat warmer than the water that was already in there. I can't wait for the Noonday sun tommorrow for a better test.

 I read somewhere (not sure if it was here) that someone was taking the pool water into the house and using it to cool the house which in turn heated the water for the pool, now that's efficiency!

Solar Powered Pool Heater | 18 comments (18 topical)

Re: Solar Powered Pool Heater (3.00 / 0) (#18)
by drg123 on Thu Aug 23, 2007 at 06:36:43 AM MST

Has anyone tried to build a solar pool heater for a inground pool. I am wondering it would work for a inground if I increased the quanity of tubes. I also noticed that some of the systems I have seen are enclosed in plexiglass which would probly help in heating.



Re: Solar Powered Pool Heater (none / 0) (#1)
by wdyasq on Tue Jul 08, 2003 at 07:49:06 PM MST

When I lived an appartment they had three pools.  One had a large dark Zodiac symbol painted on the bottom.  It would warm up enough for swimming a month before the other pools and at N35 W95 would get hot enough to be uncomfertable in August and September.
Adventure is just bad planning." -- Roald Amundsen


Re: Solar Powered Pool Heater (none / 0) (#2)
by Wolfie1 on Wed Jul 09, 2003 at 05:23:17 AM MST

Nice pictures.

The current edition of Home Power (www.homepower.com), edition 95, has an article on solar pool heating. Did you base it on the info there or not?

Even if you didn't, give it a look.

Martin.



Re: Solar Powered Pool Heater (none / 0) (#3)
by wooferhound on Wed Jul 09, 2003 at 09:51:42 AM MST

 I accidently ran across a story on the internet about pool heating. There were no pictures and very little text explaining the technical details. Basicly I was just taking the idea of Black Pipe in the Sun, and came up with the rest on my own.

 I downloaded the current issue of HomePower and checked out the pool heater they were discribing. They were using commercial solar water heaters and a very complicated system of electronic thermometers and valves. In fact, I thought it was all a little to complicated.

 The most complicated parts in my system are the two valves that bypass the heater or not, and I put in some T's with screw in plugs at the highest and lowest points on the pipe so I cold Drain it in the winter and prime it in the beginning of the swimming season.

 I am eagerly awaiting the afternoon Sun today so I can properly test the thing . . .

     T i m

W o o f -={(
Huntsville Alabama U.S.A.

[ Parent ]



Re: Solar Powered Pool Heater (none / 0) (#6)
by troy on Thu Jul 10, 2003 at 10:17:44 AM MST

Dear Tim,

Excellent job!  I have seen other low tech approaches that got the job done.  One gentleman just bought some high end black garden hose and threw it up on the shallow pitched roof of his back porch.  Not sure of the durability, but it definitely made hot water.

I think it's an excellent idea to submit your article for publication to Homepower.

Best regards,

troy

[ Parent ]



Re: Solar Powered Pool Heater (none / 0) (#4)
by Gordy on Wed Jul 09, 2003 at 10:01:37 AM MST

  If you want the temp numbers a cheap way to go would be to pick up a couple of indoor/outdoor digital thermomiters from Wal-mart ($10-12 each). Tape and insulate the out door part to your incoming and outgoing pipes. I have seen these used on solar DWH's they worked pretty good.
                                                        Just a thought,
                                                        Gordy



Re: Solar Powered Pool Heater (none / 0) (#5)
by jubalearly on Wed Jul 09, 2003 at 01:01:35 PM MST

        I agree with you about the latest Homepower article/system being too complicated. Why not write yours up and submit it? I for one would like to see it there. You could do it in diary form here & have it critiqued before sending it to Homepower.

Russ



Re: Solar Powered Pool Heater (none / 0) (#7)
by wooferhound on Fri Jul 11, 2003 at 06:33:01 AM MST

 I remembered that I did'nt mention the most complicated part of this system. The pool manufacturer suggests that I run the Filter Pump for 5 hours a day to properly clean the water. So I have the pump plugged into a small Wall Wart power Timer. I have the timer set to run from 11:AM till 4:PM in the hottest sunniest part of the day. My house starts to shade the Collector at about 5:PM in the afternoon. If it were to run at night, It would become a radiator and I would lose the heat that I gained in the daytime.

 Also I breifly checked the HomePower Magazine website for article submission procedures and requirements, but could'nt find it. I'll probably E-Mail them sometime soon.
T i m
[ Parent ]



Re: Solar Powered Pool Heater (none / 0) (#8)
by Wolfie1 on Fri Jul 11, 2003 at 10:48:33 AM MST

Tim, try this:-

http://www.homepower.com/magazine/write_for_hp.cfm

Martin.

[ Parent ]



Re: Solar Powered Pool Heater (none / 0) (#9)
by wooferhound on Sat Jul 12, 2003 at 07:32:27 AM MST

Thanks, I looked it over and am highly considering trying to wrte it up.

I guess they take these as volunter submissions, as they didn't mention anything about payment. . .
W o o f -={(
Huntsville Alabama U.S.A.

[ Parent ]



Re: Solar Powered Pool Heater (none / 0) (#10)
by Wolfie1 on Mon Jul 14, 2003 at 05:17:06 AM MST

I thought they did pay. But you are right, I can't see any rates. That's a question to ask the Dans, as they had an article in there last year.

Martin.

[ Parent ]



Re: Solar Powered Pool Heater - motor run time (none / 0) (#11)
by John on Tue Jul 15, 2003 at 12:57:41 PM MST

Just a comment about how long to run your pump. Manufacturers sometimes go overboard on recomendations to cover themselves in a worst case situation. I would recomend experimenting with shorter run times, depending on actual pool usage, to save a LOT of electricity.
Enjoy your pool!

John

[ Parent ]



Re: Solar Powered Pool Heater - motor run time (none / 0) (#12)
by wooferhound on Wed Jul 16, 2003 at 12:54:24 AM MST

 I have a 2750 gallon pool. The pump maker says that the pump will filter 2000 gallons of water in 5 hours, so it is all filtered pretty good in 2 days, I like that.

 Also ,  The less the pump runs in one day, the less Solar heat that I get ...
W o o f -={(
Huntsville Alabama U.S.A.

[ Parent ]



Re: Solar Powered Pool Heater - motor run time (none / 0) (#13)
by John on Wed Jul 16, 2003 at 12:26:14 PM MST

Sounds like your pump is real small, so it might not draw too much current. I have a big 1 H.P. pump with 2" lines for my about 40,000 gallon in ground pool, so I need to watch how long I run it. If I ran it the 8 hours a day the pool people recomend my electric bill would be enormous! I don't know the flow rate, but it sure pumps a LOT of water FAST, and because of that I don't need to run it as long as a smaller pump would need to run just to maintain the pool.

John

[ Parent ]



Re: Solar Powered Pool Heater - motor run time (none / 0) (#14)
by thebbqguy on Sun Aug 10, 2003 at 08:44:02 AM MST

My pool moter is a 1.5 hp, and pool is an 18 foot above ground.

I am interested in Tim's solar system and sent him an email. Also had to sign up here to post a message :-)

I'm interested in hearing from anyone that also has tried a solar system with the large black pipe.

I have 3 solar systems running to heat my pool, - all inexensive, - using the black utility hose that is 1/2" thick, that is used for drainage, and used in supermarkets to move water around in the building.  I bought it in the hardware section, and cost me $9.99 for 100 feet..... ( That's Canadian $) so I guess it would be about $7 U.S. funds or less for that kind of tubing.

you can see images of my system here: www.powershotgraphics.com/pool

I get 6.3 U.S. gallons per minute of flow from the 3 solar tubes total,
so that's 378 gallons per hour total.

Water on a good day comes out of the tubes at 88-89 degrees, once the thing thing has been running for a good 15 minutes, - once it has cleared out the water and is grabbing fresh water from the pool..... when I first start up the system and if water has been sitting in the solar tubes for even 10 minutes, - and if it is sunny, the water coming out is about 127 degrees F ! - so hot it burns the hands, but that doesn't last long.... about 3 minutes, and then it starts to cool off.

I'm really interested in the big tubes though and would love to know how it compares to the small tubes I'm using.

Professional solar panels use very very small straw like tubes, with fins, and this is much more effecient than my system using 1/2 pipe.... so I have to wonder if the large tubes like this are as effecient .....

If you think about it, the larger the pipe, the longer length one would need to get them hot enough, - I'm assuming the tubes are 100% full, and are pushing out many gallons per minute though.  Anyway it looks like a great system and well put together, and I would like to try my hand at it, but to get the heat out of it, would I need to do a good 600 feet of this large tube to really get water hot out of it ... hmm.....  I'm just not an expert.

anyway nice chatting.

Mark,
Ontario, Canada.

[ Parent ]



Re: Solar Powered Pool Heater - motor run time (none / 0) (#15)
by thebbqguy on Sat Aug 23, 2003 at 07:14:25 PM MST

hi there Tim, ( original poster of the story)

I noticed your post was from July, it's now the end of August, - I was really intersted in trying your method of using the large 1-1/2" pipe but came across info that the large pipe like yours would need about 3000 feet - in order to equal the same length of a 500 foot 1/2" hose.  The reason is surface area, - that huge pipe you are using just cannot collect heat with such a small lenght of it being use.  If you took that pipe and put made it the length of a football field, then that's a different story though.

Anyway I wish you had posted some final results.

Great looking project though and it's great to see people trying so many different techniques to get free solar heat.

Mark.

[ Parent ]



Final Results (none / 0) (#16)
by wooferhound on Mon Aug 25, 2003 at 08:07:00 AM MST

    The pool heater I built was raising the temprature of the water by about 1.7 degrees in Full Sun as I measured the difference between the pool water and the return water from the heater. Plus the temprature of my 2500 gallon pool was rising by about 1 degree per day with the heater running from 11:AM till 4:PM. unfortunatly my pool developed a leak and drained itself, but before that happened we were swimming in 88 degree water, up from 76 degrees on the day I got it operational. We are planning to try and return the pool to Wal-Mart for replacement.

       The Pipe I used for my pool heater was much larger diameter than the pipe that the pump was designed for. This did 3 things: it reduced the Head backpressure that the pump sees ; it slowed the water down a great deal so it dwelled inside the heater pipes for a longer period ; and it increased the surface area of the pipe to the Sun. Also I provided multiple branches of piping to take the flow rate down even more for the extra Dwell Time. This is only 80 feet of active heating pipe and I thought it was doing exstreamly well, plus I was getting great flow from the pools original Filter pump.

    While waiting for the new pool to come in I decided to do a little test with the pool heater. I wanted to heat some water in a 5 gallon bucket. The pipe for my heater systems holds about 5 gallons of water too so it is about 10 gallons in Total Water Load. At 2:PM and no clouds and almost 90 degrees air temp, after 15 minutes the water in the bucket was too hot to hold my hand in for more than a few seconds, sorry no thermometer could be found that day so I have no numbers.

        One thing that I thought was interesting was that millions of super tiny bubbles were constantly coming from the return line in the full Sun. At first I thought the system had an air leak, but later checks convinced me that it was sealed up fine.

W o o f -={(
Huntsville Alabama U.S.A.



Re: Final Results (none / 0) (#17)
by thebbqguy on Mon Aug 25, 2003 at 12:23:08 PM MST

Hi Tim,

I was afraid of your results :-(  

I kind of lost you with the test with the water bucket, - if you leave water out in a bucket in the sun it will heat up, so you kind of lost me on what the water bucket has to do with the solar system... the water is not moving, so it has no other choice but to heat up, and if there is no water flow at all as there would be in a pipe, then it's natural the water will become hot.  Anyway I just lost you on that test I guess.  Do I need another cup of coffee here ? or can somebody clue me in LOL :-)

My pool is an 18 foot above ground, and without any solar stuff running on
it, it heats up about 3 degrees per day I get sun from about 10am until 6pm
now,
used to be about 7:30pm but now with the shorter days sun is gone by 6:30pm
max, and it's not strong at 6pm nowadays.

With my solar heaters running  - I made 3 of them using 1/2" black pipe -
each is about 500 feet coiled up..... anyway
with those running I get just over 1 degree per hour of temperature rise,
which is of course with the sun's passive heating also.
I figure 1 degree an hour is not bad though, I wish it was more, but i"m
only pumping in a tiny bit of water, compared to the thousands of gallons
that are in that pool.

Temps though for example: ... if the pool is 73 degrees, and if the sun is
shining full strength, I get a 88 degree temp coming from the black tubes,
each one is separate.... meaning all of my tiny solar systems are 100%
independant of each other.

Anyway if I drop the flow, then the temp can go much higher.... but if the
flow coming out of those tubes was only say 2 degrees higher than the actual
pool
temp - it's really a lost battle.

Each of my 3 homemade solar systems made with 1/2" black tubing are pushing
6 liters of water per minute.
for a total of 18 liters per minute.( all 3 combined )

To calculate what that is in gallons per minute I used the following
forumula:
18 liters divided by 3.8 ( 1 U.S. gallon ) = 4.7 gallons per minute.

Anyway, with this little flow, I got quite a few emails from people saying
that this system is basically useless, - the temps are GREAT,
but I need bigger flow.

In order to heat my pool I need a good temp increase - a good 10 degrees
above the actual pool water temp, PLUS a lot of water flow.

Seeing this, I decided to buy a professional solar panel and am thrilled
with it.  I have bought the same panel my brother's friend bought,
and he has to actually turn the thing off because his pool gets too hot !
.... on a hot sunny day he can get his pool up by 5 degrees in only an hour,
pretty darn good - but remember the tube he's using is a 1-1/2" tube - like
the one in your project, but water coming out of it is hot enough to almost
burn you
he said, -  and flow is very fast from what my brother noticed, and the pool
was 94 when he went into it a few weeks ago, so with my brother's being in
the pool and
telling me that the water was indeed 94, and that the water from his panels
was that hot, I had to take the plunge and buy the same system, a lot more
money than doing
it yourself though that's the part that sux.

Anyway I posted images on it .........

http://www.fieldlines.com/story/2003/8/22/1942/51667

Tim, I think that you did a great job on that piping though I love the
concept - I'm going to try a homemade one like you did, but will use small
piping in the middle
to connect pipes together, - so it's made like the professional ones....
check out this tubing and how cheap it is....... one of the guys on the
forum directed me to it,
this is just the tube I'm looking for !

http://doitbest.com/shop/product.asp?mscssid=0FNDE41BWD009NEVQ190CKXA35WX58CC&mbrid=1470&dep t%5Fid=4750&sku=576996

[ Parent ]



Solar Powered Pool Heater | 18 comments (18 topical)
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