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aluminium / air battery


By stop4stuff, Section Homebrewed Electricity
Posted on Fri Nov 19, 2004 at 05:57:37 AM MST
electricity from aluminium, lye and air

Hi All,

nothing to lose posted this story
Patent, Hydrogen fuel from aluminum
http://www.fieldlines.com/story/2004/11/18/12231/069

I read the patent info and googled for a while...
...researching background info on aluminium...
here's what i found...

General corrosion resistance of aluminium.
Aluminium corrodes quite readily in air or water. The aluminium oxide (alumina) that forms on the surface of the aluminium

stays on the surface of the aluminum and blocks any further corrosion.
http://www.alu-info.dk/Html/alulib/modul/A00100.htm

Chemical reactions of aluminium.

Reaction of aluminium with bases.
'Aluminium dissolves in sodium hydroxide with the evolution of hydrogen gas, H2, and the formation of aluminates of the type

[Al(OH)4]-.'

2Al(s) + 2NaOH(aq) + 6H2O --> 2Na+(aq) + 2[Al(OH)4]- + 3H2(g)

see; http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Al/chem.html

I got thinking... if hydrogen is released, are electrons?

Yep :))

Battery Chemistry F.A.Q, Aluminum / Air Cells
http://www.abatterypack.com/battery-faq-tip/Chemistry-faq.htm#AlAir

A renewable fuel cell?
...aluminium, water, and lye makes hydrogen and electricity....

A quick test using a weak solution, a thin alu tube and a stainless plate (unknown grade) gives 1.18v
The hydrogen bubbles off the alu... bubbles also form on the stainless plates (a sign of oxidisation or other reaction?)

note: The aluminium/air cell uses a porous electrode (+ve, cathode) and special aluminium alloy as the -ve (anode), can

produce 5x lead acid output and very little hydrogen is released.
This page gives some good info;
http://www.ectechnic.co.uk/alumair.html

Could homemade batteries be this easy?

More fun to be had here :)

paul

aluminium / air battery | 15 comments (15 topical)

Re: aluminium / air battery (3.00 / 0) (#1)
by TomW on Fri Nov 19, 2004 at 08:48:05 AM MST

Stop4stuf;

Well, these are indeed interesting things. However, do you have any idea of the power consumed to create aluminum from bauxite in the first place? No way these things are anything near "Renewable Energy". Mostly a novelty. I have no idea on the actual power that goes into creating a pound of aluminum but I am pretty certain you cannot get back even a tiny % of what went into that process.

T

The Truth is the Truth, even if no one believes it; and a lie is a lie even if everyone believes it




Re: aluminium / air battery (3.00 / 0) (#2)
by JW on Fri Nov 19, 2004 at 09:29:25 AM MST

Hi Tom,

 I initally thought this as well. I belive the bayer process is used to refine aluminum. But suprisingly enough, due to aluminums massive power density, it is somewhere in the "hmmm were just not sure on that one". I believe Iceland at one point considered an aluminum energy economy, since they have surplas power that could be stored in metal aluminum. Not sure where they are on that one now. if someone could invent a small scale way to recombine the scale produced in these batterys, it might open up some possibilites. But yes the technology is just not there yet. I have also heard nacl(salt) works as good as sodioum hydroxide.

JW  

[ Parent ]



Re: aluminium / air battery (3.00 / 0) (#3)
by finnsawyer on Fri Nov 19, 2004 at 10:02:08 AM MST

One thing to consider is that scrap aluminum is readily available and cheap.  The cost of storing the energy in it has already been paid.  It seems you could get a double whammy by using it, both electricity and hydrogen gas.  The hydrogen gas could also be used.  Store it to heat your house in the winter, for instance.  The question is, is it worth more than the ten cents we get per pop can here in Michigan?  Of course, some states don't have the deposits.  Just thinking outside the box.
GeoM
[ Parent ]


Re: aluminium / air battery (3.00 / 0) (#8)
by nothing to lose on Fri Nov 19, 2004 at 03:28:01 PM MST

Take back your 10cent popcans, $2.40 a case, then go buy a broken car wheel for $1.50 at a junk yard :)

Well ok, here I would get 35cents a pound selling popcans, I would pay 55cents a pound for car wheels at the same place in any condition.

Since your deposites are more like $2.40 a pound or higher, take back that pound of cans and buy 5 pounds of wheels or pistons or radiators :)
.
nothing to lose

Spelin and tpying are my strong points, not electronics.
[ Parent ]



Re: aluminium / air battery (3.00 / 0) (#15)
by finnsawyer on Sun Nov 21, 2004 at 12:44:30 PM MST

Yeah, there are lots of sources of used aluminum.  But if everyone visiting this site started collecting it, what would happen?  It'd get in short supply.  But I bet there's plenty of bauxite to support an aluminum economy if cars could be made to run on it.
GeoM
[ Parent ]


Re: aluminium / air battery (3.00 / 0) (#9)
by nothing to lose on Fri Nov 19, 2004 at 03:36:19 PM MST

Really the cost to produce garbage is not important, it is already made. Finding a use for it though is important. Imagine mining the land fills? All that stored and waisted power buried in the dumps waiting to be used!

Rotting organics creating unused methane gas vented into the air for no reason.
Stainless steel, aluminum, copper, all just sitting in a pile of trash under a ton of dirt. It took feul to produce that, what are we getting back from it??
 
.
nothing to lose

Spelin and tpying are my strong points, not electronics.
[ Parent ]



Re: aluminium / air battery (3.00 / 0) (#4)
by finnsawyer on Fri Nov 19, 2004 at 10:27:55 AM MST

It seems like every good process has a down side.  The aluminum is used up and must be replaced as apparently must the electrolyte.  Also, the aluminum-hydroxide compound will build up.  That said, we're looking at a light metal storing a large amount of energy.  If they could build a rechargeable battery using aluminum it might be the answer for the electric automobile.  Let's see five times the energy of the lead-acid battery with considerably less weight....  
GeoM


Re: aluminium / air battery (3.00 / 0) (#10)
by nothing to lose on Fri Nov 19, 2004 at 03:42:47 PM MST

I see no down sides.
Pure Hydrogen gas as a feul, cleaner than anything else we use today.
 Water is plentyful, I dought it would have to be best on earth, dirty swamp water might work? Did someone say SALT?

And I suppose refining the aluminum oxides back to aluminum would release the extra oxygen back into the air, not a bad thing either.
.
nothing to lose

Spelin and tpying are my strong points, not electronics.
[ Parent ]



Re: aluminium / air battery (3.00 / 0) (#5)
by stop4stuff on Fri Nov 19, 2004 at 11:06:52 AM MST

TomW... I understand the huge amount of energy it take to make alu from raw material and the great saving in energy in recycling alu.

Finsayer... i got thinking along the EV line too... huge weight saver.

With a bit more research, i think i can come up with a suitable test to help understand the energy storage value of alu... i already have most of the equipment needed.

...definatley more reearch needed...
later
paul



Re: aluminium / air battery (3.00 / 0) (#6)
by windstuffnow on Fri Nov 19, 2004 at 12:43:12 PM MST

   Interesting stuff indeed!   I found it quite amazing how long the aluminum will retain heat in open air.   When I make castings of a part or parts it takes several hours of cooling just to be able to handle the part with gloves.  I've taken some ingots, 4 and 5 lbs of aluminum, once hard enough to pull from the mold and laid them on the ground and they were still to hot to touch 24 hours later.
   It takes 20 minutes to melt 10 lbs of aluminum with a handfull of charcoal ( no idea of the actual BTU being put into it ) and it will run a small stirling engine for days if its insulated.  
   What is the by product of the aluminum and lye mix or sodium for that fact.  Is it hasardous to the environment in any way?

Sounds fun
Windstuff Ed

Have Fun! Windstuff Ed
[ Parent ]



Re: aluminium / air battery (3.00 / 0) (#11)
by nothing to lose on Fri Nov 19, 2004 at 03:49:58 PM MST

 " What is the by product of the aluminum and lye mix or sodium for that fact.  Is it hasardous to the environment in any way?"

 Pretty sure when you rinse the aluminum oxides you will get back the Lye.
So basically you just create oxides, rinse them, use the rinse water to create more oxides. Recycle the oxides. Burn the hydrogen created as a fuel.
.
nothing to lose

Spelin and tpying are my strong points, not electronics.
[ Parent ]



Re: aluminium / air battery (3.00 / 0) (#7)
by nothing to lose on Fri Nov 19, 2004 at 03:18:22 PM MST

Basically my thought is who cares how much power/fuel it takes to make aluminum, it's what we can get back out that counts! What does it take to produce gasoline and desiel from CRUD oil, and to ship the crud from Iraq, Iran to the refinneries ect..
 Then ship the refined feuls to the stations.

Do you care how much power went into making the paper wrapper for your fast food hamburger when you throw it in the trash to fill the dump, or that broken TV set you just tossed out when you buy a new one??
 Of course not, no-one does, and that's half the problem also.

Anyway the point is when you hit a curb and bust that beautiful aluminum wheel, should you trash it at the recyclers for a buck or use it to feul your car instead of gasoline? Or maybe make electric to charge your batteries instead of running a gas or desiel gennie when the sun ain't shining and wind ain't blowing.
 If your using trash (old cans, kitchen foils, junk car parts, etc..) you got nearly free feul. It is not free to melt that down and make it into a new product. That takes power/feul. First to take it to the recycler, then they ship it somewhere, then to melt it, then to ship to a manufactorer, then to make the new product.
 Recycling takes fuel/power also!
 If the process works and people used it, the only problem I really see is instead of thieves stealing your gasoline they will be stealing your wheels and other parts.

As I see it, the electric to make aluminum is not really that important as a feul really. Set up plants in remote areas where there is tons of wind, lots of sun, or large running water sources. Use free/RE resources to make the power to make the aluminum. You can't ship electric all over the world by truck or ship, but you can aluminum! You can't dig electric out of the trash dumpster, but you can aluminum!
 Using electric does not keep our roads clean, but using aluminum cans will help!
 35 cents a pound and I still see cans scattered around people just toss out as they drive. As a fuel they would toss them in the tank instead!

Pretty simple really, set the plants up where the population is low and nateraul resources are high. Collect the ore at a recycler (after its's been used) ship to plant, process back into aluminum, ship back to be used as feul again. If we can ship oil from Iran, Iraq, etc.. then why can't we ship aluminum instead, right?

If the rain stops so I can work outside with this stuff this weekend I will try a couple quick things. Like I have some 55gal barrels with removable lids that seal tight. So maybe I will "Safely" dump 5gal water, 1 bottle lye, 1 lb aluminum into one and see what happens. Or I may use 35gal plastic barrels I have if I can find one with both caps.

My main interest is the hydrogen for feul, but if I can also make electric I will try that later also.

Basically, water, lye? (sodium hydroxide), aluminum, should create pure hydrogen gas and the oxygen part of the water is absorbed into the aluminum creating an oxide. Basically as I understand it your turning the aluminum back into raw ore again.
 I haven't really found anything about the Lye being used up in anyway. It is a catalyst to create the reaction between the water and aluminum. Is it used up or does it remain? Since only oxygen and hydrogen seem to be active and removed when they are broken from the water then it would seem that the Lye should remain. Add powered lye to water, remove water and you have the powdered lye back? Adding aluminum to the mix is the way to remove the water. So what I beleave you will end up with is a dry powered aluminum ore covered in powered lye if you allough it to totally dry. Then if you rinse the ore with water you will have the water lye solution again. Of course you would seldom actually dry the ore, more like a slushy slurry maybe that you could rinse and filter to seperate the ore and the lye/water.
 Then use the rinse water with fresh aluminum. The only by product should be the ore/oxide which can then by refined back into aluminum again later.

Also I am a firm beleaver that Hydrogen is perfectly safe, at least compared to other things like gasoline. Hydrogen only burns in the presence of oxygen, since the oxygen is aborbed none is present with this type system. As demonstrated by the HiNDINBURG disaster many years ago, Hydrogen does not explode violiently in the absence of oxygen, and when exposed to oxygen a large ball of hydrogen gas burns slowly as the oxygen is consumed in the fire. Hindenburg was a large blimp/derigable, just a gaint baloon full of hydrogen gas. a static electric spark started a Hydrogen fire, NOT explosion!
The outer layer of hydrogen was exposed to oxygen and burned, the inner ball of gas still floated the blimp as it burned. As the outer layer of hydrogen burned off the inner layers got oxygen and burned. People jumped to their deaths in a panic and maybe to get away from the heat. It was not a massive explosion.
 However just like gasoline fumes, get a Hydrogen/oxygen mix and it ingnites in a large poof. Put either in a small space where it can build pressure and both will explode. But we carry 12-25 gallons of gasoline all the time and keep some in the garage or storage sheds for the mowers too right.
 Batteries will explode because there is an Oxygen/Hydrogen mix to ignite, and it is also confined in a small space in the battery where it will build a pressure.
.
nothing to lose

Spelin and tpying are my strong points, not electronics.



Re: aluminium / air battery (3.00 / 0) (#12)
by Ungrounded Lightning Rod on Sat Nov 20, 2004 at 08:52:14 PM MST

Aluminum-air batteries have a very high energy-to-mass ratio.
Aluminum oxide has the highest heat-of-formation of ANY compound,
and that's the energy you get out as electricity from such a battery.

Aluminum-air batteries were used to power experimental cars at
one point.  You had to shovel out the bauxite every few hundred
miles and replace the electrodes every few thousand.

I have no idea why nothing ever came of that experiment - though
the usual answer to a "why didn't this car tech become prevalent"
is "it wasn't cost-competitive with a gasoline engine solution".

Aluminum is pretty toxic stuff, though, and aluminum oxides are
a great way to become exposed and acquire a "burden".  Symptoms
of aluminum poisoning are much like Alzheimers and do NOT go away.

I've often thought of risking it and melting down cans to make
electrodes for aluminum-air batteries.  But I think the deposit
is currently much higher than the cost of the power they'd produce
if bought from the grid.  So it makes more sense to sell 'em.



Re: aluminium / air battery (3.00 / 0) (#13)
by nothing to lose on Sat Nov 20, 2004 at 09:45:37 PM MST

Ok, forget about the cans and deposits! Cans aren't the only form of aluminum readily available as garbage. They also are coated with plastic (or something similar). Use old pie pans like come with the store bought pies.

As far as poisioning yourself with aluminum, use all the normal saftey precautions of course. Really I don't like using aluminum cookware myself, but we do, most people do, so it must not be quite as bad as lead :)

Water, lye, aluminum does produce heat and hydrogen. Also I got a little white fog/smoke like you see in the mad scientists lab in the movies.

I'll post my pics in a new post along with basic info I did last night and a little today. If you try doing this play safe! It gives fumes, heat, hydrogen, steam, and can boil over also. Lye itself can cause severe damage, it can be used as paint remover,  it causes blindness in the eyes, burns on skin, piosion if drank, ect..
 But perfectly safe like anything else when used properly.
.
nothing to lose

Spelin and tpying are my strong points, not electronics.



Re: aluminium / air battery (3.00 / 0) (#14)
by stop4stuff on Sat Nov 20, 2004 at 11:01:15 PM MST

nothing to lose...
It seems you may be using a strong solution to get heat and steam.
I noticed a small rise in temperature with a weak solution (80ml water, 2g lye).
This left me thinking that there is energy released as well as hydrogen, leading me to find out about the aluminium / air battery.

Any help in uderstanding the chemistry behind what's happening would be greatly appreciated.

paul

[ Parent ]



aluminium / air battery | 15 comments (15 topical)
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Related Links
· http://www .fieldlines.com/story/2004/11/18/12231/069
· http://www .alu-info.dk/Html/alulib/modul/A00100.htm
· http://www .webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Al/chem.html
· http://www .abatterypack.com/battery-faq-tip/Chemistry-faq.htm#AlAir
· http://www .ectechnic.co.uk/alumair.html
· Also by stop4stuff

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