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The Amazing Lamp


By Opera House, Section Controls
Posted on Tue Jan 11th, 2005 at 04:10:21 PM MST
Lamp current test

I've been a fan of the unique non linear properties of lamps. Lamps have been used since the early days of electronics to stabilize amplifiers and oscillators.  A couple years back, I had to build a piece of production test equipment that had could produce and switch a millivolt level that was exactly the same for DC and RMS.  No fancy electronics, just resistors and a lamp in a bridge circuit.  From 90-130V input the output varied less than 0.25%.   The test results may help you understand strange results when lamps are used as load resistors.  The following are the results of a test with a new #1156 auto lamp and the calculated resistance.
  1. V    2.29A    6.1 ohm
  2. V    2.20A    5.9 ohm
  3. V    2.11A    5.7 ohm
  4. V    2.02A    5.4 ohm
  5. V    1.92A    5.2 ohm
  6. V    1.83A    4.9 ohm
  7. V    1.72A    4.7 ohm
  8. V    1.61A    4.3 ohm
  9. V    1.49A    4.0 ohm
  10. V    1.36A    3.7 ohm
  11. V    1.23A    3.3 ohm
  12. V    1.08A    2.8 ohm
  13. V    0.91A    2.2 ohm
  14. V    0.71A    1.4 ohm
  15. 5V    0.55A    .91 ohm
Of interest is the voltage range of 0.5V to 5V witch approximates the differences between a battery and an open circuit 12V solar panel.   While the voltage increases ten times, the current only increases 2 ½ times.  While not exactly constant current, the changes in current from low to high light conditions are greatly reduced. This could be useful to those that have a minimal system with no controller and want to maintain a charge when gone for long periods.  When used with a zener to protect electronics, a wider voltage range can be accommodated with lower power dissipated.  For an 11-14V increase of 27%, the current only increases 13%.  Hope this gives you some ideas for new uses.  These results are typical for other lamps of different currents.
The Amazing Lamp | 8 comments (8 topical, 0 editorial)

Re: The Amazing Lamp (3.00 / 0) (#1)
by Opera House on Tue Jan 11th, 2005 at 09:18:30 AM MST
(User Info)

The last is 0.5V  I thought I was getting goofy, but I checked my text file I copied and the server inserted that 2!  



Re: The Amazing Lamp (3.00 / 0) (#2)
by monte350c on Tue Jan 11th, 2005 at 07:58:24 PM MST
(User Info)

How very odd.

I was just (last night) reading an article on sine wave generation using the Wein bridge oscillator circuit.

Guess what - the above mentioned properties of the lowly light bulb are at the heart of this circuit. Possible inverter application?

http://www.edn.com/article/CA220408.html

Ted.

[ Parent ]



Re: The Amazing Lamp (3.00 / 0) (#3)
by Opera House on Wed Jan 12th, 2005 at 07:21:02 AM MST
(User Info)

I have one of those very first HP units that I restored as a collector item. It has really crude sheet metal work that confirms it was a garage operation.  Rapidly change the frequency and the amplitude bounces around a while till it is thermaly stable.  Check out http://sound.webhost.com/ for aome construction articles by Elliot Sound Products (love Austrailians).  He has one for a self oscilating amplifier that uses the lamp.  This turns any amplifier into a pure high power sine wave oscilator for distortion measurments.  The reason, most oscilators have nearly as much distortion as amplifiers.  This guarantees that the measured distortion is only made by the amplifier.  



Re: The Amazing Lamp (3.00 / 0) (#5)
by Ungrounded Lightning Rod on Wed Jan 12th, 2005 at 07:47:52 AM MST
(User Info)

The reason, most oscilators have nearly as much distortion as amplifiers.

Hardly surprising, since an oscilator is an amplifier with feedback.  If amplifiers are designed to minimize distortion you'd expect them to be very good at it - and if there was a technique to improve the linearity of the amp in the osicaltor you'd expect it to also be used in the amplifier proper.

The feedback circuit for such oscialtors consists of a phase-shifter and a gain control.  The phase-shifter makes the total phase-shift around the loop equal 360 degrees at the osilation frequency, while the gain control makes the loop gain one when the output is at the correct level, reducing output slightly when output is too high and increasing gain when output is too low.

Of course that means the gain control element is non-linear.  OOPS!  So the temperature coefficient of a lamp is used as the gain control element:  At any given temperature the lamp is a very linear resistor, and the temperature changes very slowly compared to the oscilation frequency so the gain adjustment of the lamp doesn't distort the waveform appreciably until the frequency is getting down into the single-digit CPS range.  

[ Parent ]



Re: The Amazing Lamp (3.00 / 0) (#4)
by Opera House on Wed Jan 12th, 2005 at 07:25:37 AM MST
(User Info)

typo, that is westhost not webhost.



Re: The Amazing Lamp (3.00 / 0) (#6)
by Dave B on Thu Jan 13th, 2005 at 12:12:47 AM MST
(User Info) http://www.madbbs.com/users/bruggelog

Maybe this doesn't apply but I may just get an answer from this post. I plan to use electric hot water heating elements with my wind alternator. My AC voltage will vary from 0 - approx. 100 VAC with 100 VAC being approx. 50 cps. OK very simply : If I use say a 48 volt 300 watt heating element and switch it on at say 24 volts what is most likely to happen ? First let's assume that the 24 volts will remain constant as the element heats up. Will the approx. load of 7.5 ohms rise or drop as the element heats up ? If it rises won't the alternator want to speed up ? (higher resistance, less current) Or, if the resistance drops as the element heats up, wouldn't this cause the alternator to slow down ? (less resistance, more current) Is this similar to what we've got going here with the lamp ? I am switching 2 loads independently depending on blade rpm (ac voltage) as a variable load controller to help start up (no load) and to more efficiently match the load to the alternator output. It's getting really funny trying to figure exactly what's going on with true output vs. rpm after the load(s) have kicked on. Can anyone shed any light on this or offer an opinion of what I should be seeing happen ? Initially adding a load slows it down (duh) and adding another load of the same value in parallel with the first will slow it down even more if the wind is not strong enough to over come the load .. BUT as the wind increases and now the elements are heating up what is the alternator seeing as the load ? Maybe this is too simple but without a constant wind I'm really not sure what's happening. Any thoughts, thank you.  Dave B.



Re: The Amazing Lamp (3.00 / 0) (#7)
by ghurd on Sat Jan 22nd, 2005 at 07:38:18 PM MST
(User Info)

Usually resistance goes up with temperature.  I don't think it is very significant for low voltages or low temperature changes. For a water heater it goes what, 60 to 190'F? In the big picture that is not very much. I think it is more obvious in degrees Kelvin. 288.7'K to 361'K. Only a 72'K difference.
My guess. It wouldn't make a real difference.
G-

[ Parent ]


Re: The Amazing Lamp (3.00 / 0) (#8)
by Dave B on Thu Feb 10th, 2005 at 11:46:10 PM MST
(User Info) http://www.madbbs.com/users/bruggelog

G,
  I was really more questioning what happens to the resistance of the element itself as it heats up from   say 60 deg F. to the operating temperture of the element, not the surrounding water temperature. It would be interesting to know approximately how hot the element heats to at it's rated voltage / current and if the resistance changes substantially though this range. If so, does it increase with increase in temp. or visa versa. Dave B

[ Parent ]


The Amazing Lamp | 8 comments (8 topical, 0 editorial)
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