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NACA 4415
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By willib, Section Diaries Posted on Thu Jul 20, 2006 at 12:43:45 AM MST
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the defacto paper on airfoils for wind turbines
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| Abstract
Wind turbines in the field can be subjected to many and varying wind conditions, including high winds with the rotor locked or with yaw excursions. In some cases, the rotor blades may be subjected to unusually large angles of attack that possibly result in unexpected loads and deflections. To better understand loadings at unusual angles of attack, a wind tunnel test was performed.
An 18-inch constant-chord model of the NACA 4415 airfoil section was tested under two dimensional steady state conditions in the Ohio State University Aeronautical and Astronautical Research Laboratory 7x10 Subsonic Wind Tunnel. The objective of these tests was to document section lift and moment characteristics under various model and air flow conditions. Surface pressure data were acquired at -60° through +230° geometric angles of attack, at a nominal 1 million Reynolds number. Also, cases with and without leading edge grit roughness were investigated. Leading edge roughness was used to simulate blade conditions encountered on wind turbines in the field. Additionally, surface pressure data were acquired for Reynolds numbers of 1.5 and 2.0 million, with and without leading edge grit roughness, but the angle of attack was limited to a -20° to 40° range.
In general, results showed lift curve slope sensitivities to Reynolds number and roughness. The maximum lift coefficient was reduced as much as 20 % by leading edge roughness. Moment coefficient showed little sensitivity to roughness beyond 50° angle of attack, but the expected decambering effect of a thicker boundary layer with roughness did show at lower angles.
Tests were also conducted with vortex generators located at the 30% chord location on the upper surface only, at 1 and 1.5 million Reynolds numbers, with and without leading edge grit roughness. In general, with leading edge grit roughness applied, the vortex generators restored the baseline level of maximum lift coefficient but with a more sudden stall break and at a lower angle of attack than the baseline. |
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