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Battery Voltage and Charge Controler


By mettleramiel, Section Newbies
Posted on Sat Mar 31st, 2007 at 10:24:32 AM MST
little clarification here

Now, I know that checking battery voltage is not the most acurate way to check a battery's state of charge, but I have to ask. A fully carged 12v should read about 12.7 (varying by temperature) and 11.9 when it's dead however, my charge controller for my solar panels says that it begins charging when the batteries reach a voltage of 13 and cuts out when they reach 14.2 volts. Will this not overcharge my batteries or is this normal?
Battery Voltage and Charge Controler | 5 comments (5 topical, 0 editorial)

Re: Battery Voltage and Charge Controler (3.00 / 0) (#1)
by fungus (info@reenergy.co.uk) on Sat Mar 31st, 2007 at 04:18:50 AM MST
(User Info) http://www.reenergy.co.uk/

The figure given (12.7v) is IIRC after a rest period of 24 hours with no charge. When the battery is being charged it raises the voltage so it needs to be charged to a higher voltage. 14.4v is a pretty 'standard' figure although some controllers charge to a different voltage, i.e 13.8v. The voltage is typical.

'Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe.'-Albert Einstein
Fungus - www.reenergy.co.uk


Re: Battery Voltage and Charge Controler (3.00 / 0) (#2)
by Flux on Sat Mar 31st, 2007 at 04:22:46 AM MST
(User Info)

The only time you can get any idea of state of charge is when a battery has been standing for several hours without charge or discharge. If it has been charging the voltage will be high due to surface charge. If it is discharging it will be low but a minute after stopping the discharge would give you a reasonable answer.

For charge control you can bring it to over 14v after discharge to fully charge it. If it is to stay on charge for long periods in a fully charged state, better controllers drop to a float charge of about 13.8v.

A simple on /off controller working between 14.2 and 13v will be fine for flooded batteries. The 14.2 would be a bit high for AGM cells that are not being loaded regularly.

Flux



Re: Battery Voltage and Charge Controler (3.00 / 0) (#3)
by SamoaPower on Sat Mar 31st, 2007 at 05:14:43 AM MST
(User Info)

"A simple on /off controller working between 14.2 and 13v will be fine for flooded batteries."

I have to mildly disagree Flux, that this simple charge algorithm is fine.

Assuming no simultaneous discharge, the first cycle will leave the battery (flooded) at about 80-90% SOC. Subsequent cycles will slowly improve on this but it will take many cycles to approach even 95% SOC.

The result, in an average system, is that the battery remains chronically under charged, a condition not to be recommended.

It really needs to remain at 14.4-14.8 for a few hours to fully charge.


[ Parent ]



Re: Battery Voltage and Charge Controler (3.00 / 0) (#4)
by Flux on Sat Mar 31st, 2007 at 07:44:39 AM MST
(User Info)

You have a point,that comment was really intended to reassure him that it is ok to charge well beyond the 12.7 v that he was regarding as fully charged.

I agree that the simple charge controller switching off at 14.2v is not wonderful.  I wouldn't want the thing to drop to 13v before coming back on, but all these things require manual intervention and a good equalising charge regularly should keep things under control. At least with flooded cells it is possible to keep an eye on sg.

Without common sense from the user there is always a problem, some systems take little out of the battery, some drain it regularly, some sit near floating for weeks and then take it well down at a time when there is no power available to charge it. Just relying entirely on any controller is not without its problems.

I was trying to give him some idea of the difference between guessing state of charge from volts and what is required to actually charge it. Sadly if he looks up the care of batteries the information is still rather conflicting. Controllers seem to have got better over the years and that seems to have let battery manufacturers produce things that work as well at lower cost but they are certainly not as robust as older ones. I don't see batteries lasting longer now than 40 years ago but they are cheaper lighter and certainly cleaner.

Flux

[ Parent ]



Re: Battery Voltage and Charge Controler (3.00 / 0) (#5)
by AbyssUnderground on Sat Mar 31st, 2007 at 03:14:56 PM MST
(User Info) http://www.repowered.co.uk

I prefer to float mine at around 14.2v since it gets used daily. My charge controller does this for me but cheaper controllers (like my previous one) may just cut off entirely and not float at all. Its always nice to keep a meter connected however so you can check on it.

I always say 13.2v is fully charged on my battery but thats after no load since charging and 3 hours rest.

http://www.repowered.co.uk - My Renewable Energy site.
msn[at]m3ezw.co.uk - my msn if you want a chat.



Battery Voltage and Charge Controler | 5 comments (5 topical, 0 editorial)
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