Well...
If there's something that worries you, you go to the doctor and he helps you out. He takes a visit-based fee of 10-20 bucks. If the doctor finds something more serious that require specialists/hospitals, he sends you there with a requisition; that's free.
If you for example ride your bike, and run straight into a tree or something and break your arm, you can go to the emergency ward and get help (here, there's also a small fee), or of you're not available to get there yourself; dial 113 and the come and get you.
Drugs/medicines you'll have to pay for, as long as it's not a life-necessity/long time treatment.
In short; small ailments you pay a small fee for; more serious stuff are free (hospitals etc.)
If your injuries are permanent and reduce your ability to work, you get a disability allowance/pension, which are based on your average salary in your working life, and are usually 60-80% of your last average yearly income. with this kind of pension; life-necessary drugs are also free.
The more practical/political side of health care are; as always, another matter.
The hospitals are always short of money and staff; screaming at the government for more, and the politicians are always making promises for more... (which they occasionally actually keep.)
Now; i'm no expert on this subject, so i might have missed some points. I myself, aged 39, live on a disability allowance which adds up to just above $2000/month. (Now remember; Norway is an expensive country, so my income are not fat, but ok for one person.)