Your question is far too vague to answer.
How many is plenty? How can you compare 18 with 24. What are you trying to build?
There is no point in using more magnets than is needed for the power you want to produce. I have no idea if you have a specific size machine in mind or whether you are trying to build the biggest one with the magnets you have.
In general you will do better with more poles rather than group into bigger magnets with less poles, but there are other factors.
You say crowding 18 magnets compared with 12 long poles. This is not a reasonable comparison, crowding magnets is not cost effective, if you are not prepared to use discs big enough then you are not going to benefit.
Also it is not fair to compare 18 magnets with doubled up 12(24 magnets), but if you do it right, the 18 spaced properly would give the double size 12 a run for their money, but not on the same disc size.
Flux