One can make a wooden insert that will 'screw' into the end. The insert can be started, measure the length sticking out, make a known number of turns, remeasure and calculate the pitch.
A good guess can be made of the 'base diameter' of the screw.
Now, armed with two good pieces of information and a 'screw pitch and drill chart' a SWAG can be made of the pitch and diameter.
Ron