wow, there are big fish in this pond. thank you all.the inter-coil leakage at slow speed is troublesome as i have opted for a verticle axis design. i think i'll stack the coils like pancakes. uniform no. of turns / uniform resistance. maximum grunt. and i can make use of all this fine wire.the wind was up last night, across(georgian bay) 300 miles of open water. like a freight train in the trees. i've got to get busy, thanks again.