In the third photo I have counted 12 grooves. If you have 12 grooves in the armature, the armature is normally a 12-pole armature and in this case you have six north and six south poles lying alternated against each other. The pitch angle in between the grooves isn't exactly 30° because you can see that there are eleven narrow bridges in between the grooves and one wide bridge. I don't think that this is a mistake but that it is done to minimize the fluctuation on the sticking torque. I assume that the stator has 36 grooves and that the winding is a 3-phase winding. If the stator has 36 slots, it will therefore have 36 poles. If the angle in between the armature grooves would be exactly 30°, you will get a preference position every 10° when an armature pole is just opposite a stator pole. So you will get 36 preference positions per revolution. But because of that one wide bridge, the fluctuation will be flattened a lot.
If you have glued the magnets such that you have six alternating north and south poles and if you get no voltage out of the winding, it might be that the generator must have not a 12-pole but a 6-pole or a 4-pole armature. For a 6-pole armature you have two rows of north poles besides each other. For a 4-pole armature you have three rows of north poles besides each other. So you have totally three options. Which option is valid, can be found by looking at the winding.
Assume that the armature has 12 poles. So the average armature pole angle is 30°. This means that the optimum angle in between the left and the right leg of a coil is 30° too. So if the grooves are numbered 1 - 36, you have a coil U1 in grooves 1 and 4, a coil V1 in grooves 5 and 8, a coil W1 in grooves 9 and 12, a coil U2 in grooves 13 and 16 and so on until the first layer is complete. The second layer is laid in the remaining 18 grooves.
Assume that the armature has 6 poles. So the average armature pole angle is 60°. This means that the optimum angle in between the left and the right leg of a coils is 60° too. But this isn't possible for a stator with 36 grooves. So one coil has an angle of 50° and around this coil there is a second coil with an angle of 70°. Another difference is that a 6-pole armature can't have a 2-layers winding but it has a 3-layers winding. The first layer contains coil U1 in slots 2 and 7, coil U2 in slots 1 and 8, coil U3 in slot 14 and 19, coil U4 in slot 13 and 20, coil U5 in slot 26 and 31 and coil U6 in slot 25 and 32. The second layer contains six coils V in slots 5, 6, 11, 12, 17, 18, 23, 24, 29, 30, 35 an 36. The second layer contains six coils W in slots 33, 34, 3, 4, 9, 10, 15, 16, 21, 22, 27 and 28.
Assume that the armature has 4 poles. So the average armature pole angle is 90°. This means that the optimum angle in between the left and the right leg of a coils is 90° too. But this isn't possible for a stator with 36 grooves. So one coil has an angle of 70°, around this coil there is a second coil with an angle of 90° and around this second coil there is a third coil with a coil angle of 110°. A 4-pole armature can have a 2-layers winding. The first layer contains coil U1 in slots 3 and 10, coil U2 in slots 2 and 11, coil U3 in slot 1 and 12, coil V1 in slot 15 and 22, coil V2 in slot 14 and 23 and coil V3 in slot 13 and 24, coil W1 in slots 27 and 34, coil W2 in slots 26 and 35 and coil W3 in slots 25 and 36. The second layer contains three coils U in slots 19, 20, 21, 28, 29 and 30, three coils V in slots 31, 32, 33, 4, 5 and 6 and three coils W in slots 7, 8, 9, 16, 17 and 18.
So you have to study the winding carefully to find out if this is the winding of a 12-pole, a 6-pole of a 4-pole armature. If the winding would be the winding of a 6-pole or a 4-pole armature and if you give the armature 12 poles, the winding is completely wrong for a 12-pole armature and you will get no voltage out of it. I am afraid that this is the cause of your problem.