Short circuit current is amps while short circuited. (Isc)
This is at 0V, or it would not be a short circuit.
Open circuit volts is the voltage with no amps flowing. (Voc)
If there were amps flowing, it would not be open circuit.
There is no open current.
If it is open, current can not flow.
Max Power amps and volts ratings are at the same time. (Vmp and Imp)
Typically, with a battery charging system (not using an MPPT controller), the panel will operate at a lower voltage and higher current than Max Power ratings.
Often it is good to try to keep the panel operating below about 15.0 or 15.5V, because the amps will be a bit higher. A decent wire size for a low voltage loss, and sometimes a Schottky for the diode if required, will keep the panel up around the sweet spot.
There is a chart and PV ratings of a fairly typical panel here,
(though the panel's interior construction is a bit unusual)
Notice how the current stays pretty flat until about 15.5V, where it stats to drop at about 16V, then falls like a rock at about 18V.
Meaning they are designed to do well when losing a volt or 2 in wire and diode loss. If the battery is high enough to put the operating voltage up in the charts knee, then its about charged anyway, or at least taking the charging amps about as well as it can.
http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/solar/bp_solar_usa/STAGING/local_assets/downloads_pdfs/pq/BP350J_01-10.pdfG-