Another very simple solution would simply be to put 5 or 6 diodes in series (e.g. a 1N4007 or similar) and put it in the positive line, together with a fuse. The diodes drop about .7-.8V each, five of them drop about 4 V; your 13.8V will become 9.8V at the phone, which is good enough. The fuse prevents fires.
battery +13.8V --|>|---|>|---|>|---|>|---|>|---|FUSE|--- +9V to phone
the ground wire has no components in it, goes straight to ground of the phone.
--|>|-- = diode (e.g. 1N4007)
Peter.