Yes angular velocity is often given in radians/ second.
For most type of machine, poles does equal number of magnets. For the dual rotor axial there are 2 magnets for each pole, it is the flux paths that determine poles and in this case there are 2 magnets in series to produce each flux path.
Your 16 magnets on a dual rotor would be 16 pole in the case where each disc has 16 magnets.
You are happy with the fact that for a given speed and a given number of poles, the poles/sec is constant. Now for the radius bit, at any radius the angular velocity, poles/sec, radians/sec or whatever is constant. Linear speed is distance per second if you like. The distance for a rotating device is the circumference of the circle and is pi x diameter, so obviously the distance travelled will be greater at a larger radius. Any one magnet will travel further in a single rotation if it is at a larger radius. so its speed is greater if we regard it in the conventional way. it's not strictly linear speed when moving in an arc but you get the idea.
What Faraday said and what the law normally attributed to him is taken to mean may be different, but what it basically comes down to is the fact that the voltage is proportional to the rate of change of flux, or the flux linking a turn per second.
This comes back to be dependent on the flux per pole and the number of poles per second for a single turn. For a given magnet, the flux is fixed so it is the number of poles per second passing a coil that matters, the actual speed of the magnet in conventional terms is irrelevant. if the magnet is at a large radius it will travel faster, but in any rev it will only pass that coil once.
This holds true for mean volts. If you start considering rms, peak or any other voltage then things change with the interval when the magnet is over a coil leg compared with when it is not.
Sorry about confusing you with the 12/9 thing. The type of winding usually used with the dual rotor axial alternators has 3 coils (one per phase) for every 4 magnets. The common 12 magnet rotor would have 9 coils. (12 coils for your 16 magnets)
Magnets 1" wide would typically have 1" gap between them, you can squeeze it below 1" near the centre without much effect or you can go up to 1" spacing at the centre for a less compact machine with a bit more output.
1/2" thick magnets will work reasonably effectively with an air gap a bit under 1". Many make the coils 1/2" thick. With resin , glass and a reasonable mechanical clearance this works out to a gap of about 3/4". With leakage and grade N35 magnets you have about 600mT flux density in the gap and is probably the best compromise between winding space and total flux.
I hope this clears things up,
flux